But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. Edited and introduced by Jason W. Stevens. . What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | Case, Significance & Summary. . I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. . You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. . Now, have they given away that right, or agreed to limit or restrict it in any respect? Andrew Jackson & the Nullification Crisis | The Hermitage This, sir, is General Washingtons consolidation. Are we yet at the mercy of state discretion, and state construction? Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. . It was not a Union to be torn up without bloodshed; for nerves and arteries were interwoven with its roots and tendrils, sustaining the lives and interests of twelve million inhabitants. Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. Webster-Hayne Debate. . Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. . Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. . The gentleman has made an eloquent appeal to our hearts in favor of union. President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. . Let us look at his probablemodus operandi. On that system, Carolina has no more interest in a canal in Ohio than in Mexico. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). . . Webster-Hayne Debate - U-S-History What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. Help if you can :) please and ty . Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. In a time when the country was undergoing some drastic changes, this debate managed to encapsulate the essence of the growing tensions dividing the nation. . Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. First, New England was vindicated. . . . You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll hopefully stay awake until the end of the lesson. Drama, suspense, it's all there. Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. sir, this is but the old story. [O]pinions were expressed yesterday on the general subject of the public lands, and on some other subjects, by the gentleman from South Carolina [Senator Robert Hayne], so widely different from my own, that I am not willing to let the occasion pass without some reply. In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. . Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. Webster-Hayne Debate by Stefan M. Brooks Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. Sir, as to the doctrine that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its powers, it seems to be utterly subversive of the sovereignty and independence of the states. . But his reply was gathered from the choicest arguments and the most decadent thoughts that had long floated through his brain while this crisis was gathering; and bringing these materials together in a lucid and compact shape, he calmly composed and delivered before another crowded and breathless auditory a speech full of burning passages, which will live as long as the American Union, and the grandest effort of his life. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Assuredly not. Webster was eloquent, he was educated, he was witty, and he was a staunch defender of American liberty. . . . Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. I have but one word more to add. Before his term as a U.S. senator, Hayne had served as a state senator, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, South Carolina's Speaker of the House, and Attorney General of South Carolina. Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? . lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. I feel like its a lifeline. Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? . Address to the Slaves of the United States. This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 As a pious son of Federalism, Webster went the full length of the required defense. It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. One of those was the Webster-Hayne debate, a series of unplanned speeches presented before the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830. If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. . Help please? What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? The That's what was happening out West. What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? . . Sir, I will not stop at the border; I will carry the war into the enemys territory, and not consent to lay down my arms, until I shall have obtained indemnity for the past, and security for the future.[4] It is with unfeigned reluctance that I enter upon the performance of this part of my duty. . The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of unplanned speeches in the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830 between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. It makes but little difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court, are invested with this power. At the foundation of the constitution of these new Northwestern states, . Hayne was a great orator, filled with fiery passion and eloquent prose. . A four-speech debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina, in January 1830. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830.Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. . What started as a debate over the Tariff of Abominations soon morphed into debates over state and federal sovereignty and liberty and disunion. Nullification Crisis | American Battlefield Trust The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. Hayne argued that the sovereign and independent states had created the Union to promote their particular interests. We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. The debate was important because it laid out the arguments in favor of nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. I deem far otherwise of the Union of the states; and so did the Framers of the Constitution themselves. The arena selected for a first impression was the Senate, where the arch-heretic himself presided and guided the onset with his eye. He joined Hayne in using this opportunity to try to detach the West from the East, and restore the old cooperation of the West and the South against New England. Sir, when arraigned before the bar of public opinion, on this charge of slavery, we can stand up with conscious rectitude, plead not guilty, and put ourselves upon God and our country. . Even the revenue system of this country, by which the whole of our pecuniary resources are derived from indirect taxation, from duties upon imports, has done much to weaken the responsibility of our federal rulers to the people, and has made them, in some measure, careless of their rights, and regardless of the high trust committed to their care. Far, indeed, in my wishes, very far distant be the day, when our associated and fraternal stripes shall be severed asunder, and when that happy constellation under which we have risen to so much renown, shall be broken up, and be seen sinking, star after star, into obscurity and night! Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. One was through protective tariffs, high taxes on imports and exports. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Sece Distribution of the Slave Population by State. It is, sir, the peoples Constitution, the peoples government; made for the people; made by the people; and answerable to the people. The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? I say, the right of a state to annul a law of Congress, cannot be maintained, but on the ground of the unalienable right of man to resist oppression; that is to say, upon the ground of revolution. These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). Webster's argument that the constitution should stand as a powerful uniting force between the states rather than a treaty between sovereign states held as a key concept in America's ideas about the federal government. Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks to expose them to the temptations inseparable from the direction and control of a fund which might be enlarged or diminished almost at pleasure, without imposing burthens upon the people? It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. . It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. . On the one side it is contended that the public land ought to be reserved as a permanent fund for revenue, and future distribution among the states, while, on the other, it is insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to, the states in which they lie. The United States, under the Constitution and federal government, was a single, unified nation, not a coalition of sovereign states. . . The action, the drama, the suspensewho needs the movies? 136 lessons On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. Differences between Northern and Southern ideas of good governance, which eventually led to the American Civil War, were beginning to emerge. The Northwest Ordinance. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium The Webster Hayne Debate - DEBETE CJK All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Hopkins Press President John Quincy Adams and the Election of 1824. . Senator Foote, of Connecticut, submitted a proposition inquiring into the expediency of limiting the sales of public lands to those already in the market. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. . . "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. . As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. Several state governments or courts, some in the north, had espoused the idea of nullification prior to 1828. Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. On January 19, 1830, Hayne attacked the Foot Resolution and labeled the Northeasterners as selfish and unprincipled for their support of protectionism and conservative land policies. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question . If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South. When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? It is to state, and to defend, what I conceive to be the true principles of the Constitution under which we are here assembled. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Overview, Issues & Significance - Study . So what was this debate really about? We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. She has worked as a university writing consultant for over three years. . U.S. Senate: The Most Famous Senate Speech This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. This seemed like an Eastern spasm of jealousy at the progress of the West. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. Now that was a good debate! Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. In 1830, the federal government collected few taxes and had two primary sources of revenue. . There is not, and never has been, a disposition in the North to interfere with these interests of the South. But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. Who doesn't? . . T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . Create your account, 15 chapters | They ordained such a government; they gave it the name of a Constitution, and therein they established a distribution of powers between this, their general government, and their several state governments. The Union to be preserved, while it suits local and temporary purposes to preserve it; and to be sundered whenever it shall be found to thwart such purposes. . Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. On this subject, as in all others, we ask nothing of our Northern brethren but to let us alone; leave us to the undisturbed management of our domestic concerns, and the direction of our own industry, and we will ask no more. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. . The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts while he exonerates me personally from the charge, intimates that there is a party in the country who are looking to disunion. . Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. Webster pursued his objective through a rhetorical strategy that ignored Benton, the principal opponent of New England sectionalism, and that provoked Hayne into an exposition and defense of what became the South Carolina doctrine of nullification. Whose agent is it? Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. Connecticut's proposal was an attempt to slow the growth of the nation, control westward expansion, and bolster the federal government's revenue. The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way.