God, Devil, 100, 666 - To calculate gematria values) View Rude Words. 9. Amzallag compares the attributes of the Egyptian Ptah and the Mesopotamian Ea/Enki along with Napir of Elam, all gods of metallurgy (among their other attributes) with Yahweh and finds striking similarities. In 1844, the ruins of the ancient city of Soleb in Nubia were excavated by the archaeologist Karl Richard Lepsius who documented the site in detail but did not excavate. Mesopotamia - National Geographic Society | National Geographic Society Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The descriptions of Yahweh appearing as a pillar of fire by night and cloud by day as well as the other fire-imagery from the Book of Exodus were interpreted by some scholars as suggesting a storm god or weather-deity and, particularly, a desert god since Yahweh is able to direct Moses to water sources (Exodus 17:6 and Numbers 20). [59] These probably pre-dated the arrival of the Yahweh religion,[59] but they became linked to events in the national mythos of Israel: Passover with the exodus from Egypt, Shavuot with the law-giving at Mount Sinai, and Sukkot with the wilderness wanderings. Yahweh, name for the God of the Israelites, representing the biblical pronunciation of YHWH, the Hebrew name revealed to Moses in the book of Exodus. erua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. The meaning of the personal name of the Israelite God has been variously interpreted. And the origin of the name Yahweh isn't a . Recently, Rick vanquished one of an implied multitude of Zeuses over some misguided paternity issues. What is the meaning of Yahweh? What is the meaning - GotQuestions.org Erra is a warlike god who is associated with pestilence and violence. Many years later, when the Israelites have grown too populous for the Egyptians, an unnamed pharaoh orders them to be enslaved and makes their lives harsh (Exodus 1-14). Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and astronomy. World History Encyclopedia. [82] In his Quaestiones Convivales, Plutarch further notes that the Jews hail their god with cries of "Euoi" and "Sabi", phrases associated with the worship of Dionysus. The reading of the name of this goddess, NIN.SAR (possibly to be understood as "Lady Herbs"), is uncertain, -ebarzida temple in Ur and other temples in, Ninsun was a goddess whose name can be understood as "lady of the wild cows.". Learn about the Hebrews, whom Moses led out of slavery in Egypt. [53] In the writing of second Isaiah, Yahweh was no longer seen as exclusive to Israel but as extending his promise to all who would keep the sabbath and observe his covenant. Mark, J. J. Top 10 Ancient Mesopotamian Gods - Ancient History Lists It was the seat of government for Sargon the Great. Even the final edited form of Genesis II Kings [in the Bible] presents diverse views on the matter. A prominent place in the Mesopotamian pantheon was occupied by healing goddesses. ia801506.us.archive.org Misharu ("justice") was a son of Adad and Shala. Moses never reaches the promised land of Canaan himself owing to a misunderstanding he has with Yahweh in which he strikes a rock for water when he was not supposed to (Numbers 20) but he turns over leadership to his right-hand-man Joshua who then leads his people in the conquest of Canaan as directed by Yahweh. You can get the definition (s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. Although the biblical narratives depict Yahweh as the sole creator god, lord of the universe, and god of the Israelites especially, initially he seems to have been Canaanite in origin and subordinate to the supreme god El. Firstly, Sumeria is in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia (6000-1500 BC) - The British Museum By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. "Yahweh." Alala and Belili were ancestors of Anu, usually appearing as the final pair in god lists accepting this tradition of his ancestry. [41], Iron II saw the emergence of nation-states in the Southern Levant including Israel, Judah, Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Edom and Phoenicia. Die Antworten liefern Tracks ohne jegliche Abstriche wie Behind The Mirror, Congelia oder Forest Dweller, die frisch, unverbraucht und eine Moderne der norwegischen Klte prsentieren. who rides through the heavens to your help and the clouds in His majesty. Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian. [47][48], In 9th century and the rejection of Baal worship associated with the prophets Elijah and Elisha the Yahweh-religion began to separate itself from its Canaanite heritage; this process continued over the period 800-500BCE with legal and prophetic condemnations of the asherim, sun-worship and worship on the high places, along with practices pertaining to the dead and other aspects of the old religion. [5] The early Israelites were polytheistic and worshipped Yahweh alongside a variety of Canaanite gods and goddesses, including El, Asherah and Baal. By Nissim Amzallag, Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization. With the ongoing trial for the murder of XXXTentacion, the court is calling the 6 God to now sit for a deposition or sit in court. Belet-unir and Belet-Terraban were a pair of goddesses venerated in the Ur III period. [86] Other Roman writers, such as Juvenal, Petronius, and Florus, identified Yahweh with the god Caelus. Text: FiniMiez. The Sumerians regarded Inzak as the chief god of the Dilmunite pantheon. Agade - Mesopotamian City. [81] Jews themselves frequently used symbols that were also associated with Dionysus such as kylixes, amphorae, leaves of ivy, and clusters of grapes, a similarity Plutarch used to argue that Jews worshipped a hypostasized form of Bacchus-Dionysus. Yahweh creates the world, and hangs the sun and the moon in the heavens, as the Book of Genesis opens. Once the land is conquered, Joshua divides it among his people and, in time, they establish the Kingdom of Israel. In 598 BCE they invaded Judah and sacked Jerusalem, destroying the temple of Solomon and taking the leading citizens back to Babylon. Whoever the Shasu were, they were not Hebrew and the Habiru seem to be Canaanites who simply refused to conform to the customs of the land, not a separate ethnic group. [36] Although the Biblical account draws a clear distinction between Israelites and Canaanites in this period, and this was followed in early scholarship, the modern consensus is that there was no distinction in language or material culture between these groups and scholars accordingly define Israelite culture as a subset of Canaanite culture. Dingirma was a goddess from Kesh regarded as analogous to Ninhursag. The most important god in the Sumerian pantheon is An (known also as Anu to the Akkadians). World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Thus Genesis 4:16, attributed by literary critics to the so-called `Yahwistic' source, traces the worship of Yahweh back to the earliest days of the human race, while other passages trace the revelation and worship of Yahweh back to Moses [in the Book of Exodus]. Written in sumerian script but in a language closely related to hebrew, the tablets showed. The oldest mention of Yahweh was long held to be the Moabite Stone (also known as the Mesha Stele) erected by King Mesha of Moab to celebrate his victory over Israel in c. 840 BCE. The period of Persian rule saw the development of expectation in a future human king who would rule purified Israel as Yahweh's representative at the end of timea messiah. When the temple was destroyed and the kingdom sacked, the Jewish clergy had to find some reason for the tragedy and concluded it was because they had not paid enough attention to Yahweh and had angered him through the acknowledgement and worship of other gods. Whoever Yahweh was originally, and however he was worshipped, today he forms the basis of the three great monotheistic religions of the world. La was one of the goddesses who could be regarded as the wife of Nergal. Sumerian God Weh | createstrong The Sumerian script is known as cuneiform, which, incidentally, is a relatively modern term originating from the early 18 th century. Shullat and Hanish were a pair of gods regarded as twins, and usually mentioned together. [11] After the Temple was destroyed in 70 CE the original pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was forgotten.[11]. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. University of Washington Press, 1998. [28] An answer many scholars consider plausible is the Kenite hypothesis, which holds that traders brought Yahweh to Israel along the caravan routes between Egypt and Canaan. [68] Other scholars argue that there is no certain evidence of any anthropomorphic representation of Yahweh during the pre-exilic period. Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. However, Zeus isn't the only god in the Rick . MESOPOTAMIAN RELIGION | Facts and Details Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Shulpa-e's name means "youthful brilliance". (Type in a word or a number e.g. Question about yahweh after watching rick and morty. His Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses - About the project The Israelites remained a henotheistic people through the time of the Judges, which predates the rise of the monarchy, and throughout the time of the Kingdom of Israel (c.1080-c. 722). World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Aruru Aruru was the Goddess of creation. 1. Updates? Mesopotamia was a geographical region, the many cultures that inhabited it (Sumerians included) collectively known as "Mesopotamians". Even so, the Israelite population continues to grow and so pharaoh orders all male infants killed (Exodus 1:15-22). 3000 - 323 BC, 2nd Edition, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Mami or Mama is a mother goddess whose name means "mother". In some cases, he was denoted as a consort of Nammu. According to scholar Nissim Amzallag, however, Yahweh was a god of metallurgy. ", "Kinship and Kingship: The early Monarchy", "The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion", "Proposals for the Original Profile of YHWH", "Jewish Religious Life in the Persian Period", "Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? Ninkarrak, most likely of Akkadian, rather than Sumerian, origin, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 07:56. View Rude Words. Abraham's initial community was developed by his son Isaac and then his grandson Jacob (also known as Israel). Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. His name is composed of four Hebrew consonants (YHWH, known as the Tetragrammaton) which the prophet Moses is said to have revealed to his people. Scholar Nissim Amzallag, of Ben-Gurion University, disagrees with the claim that Yahweh's origins are obscure and argues that the deity was originally a god of the forge and patron of metallurgists during the Bronze Age (c. 3500-1200 BCE). While the great gods of the pantheon were worshipped by priests at . The sun god Shamash crossed the heavens in a chariot as the Egyptian god Aren in Mesopotamian and Egyptian times and the Greek god Apollo would later do. [45], Yahweh filled the role of national god in the kingdom of Israel (Samaria), which emerged in the 10th century BCE; and also in Judah, which emerged probably a century later[46] (no "God of Judah" is mentioned anywhere in the Bible). Damu was a god who presides over healing and medicine. Yahweh the Destroyer: On the Meaning of Heath D. Dewrell. ), long fingers and fingernails, and the feet of, Ninazu, Ningishzida; Tishpak; Marduk, Nabu; Ashur. [40], In the earliest Biblical literature Yahweh has characteristics of a storm-god typical of ancient Near Eastern myths, marching out from a region to the south or south-east of Israel with the heavenly host of stars and planets that make up his army to do battle with the enemies of his people Israel:[17], Yahweh, when you went out of Seir, [13] The shortened forms "Yeho-" and "Yo-" appear in personal names and in phrases such as "Hallelujah! They saw the messiah in Zerubbabel, a descendant of the House of David who seemed, briefly, to be about to re-establish the ancient royal line, or in Zerubbabel and the first High Priest, Joshua (Zechariah writes of two messiahs, one royal and the other priestly). Thus, the tetragrammaton became the artificial Latinized name Jehovah (JeHoWaH). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Adad - The mesopotamian Weather God. Ninmada was a god regarded as a brother of Ninazu. Not only will [61] A number of scholars have also drawn the conclusion that infant sacrifice, whether to the underworld deity Molech or to Yahweh himself, was a part of Israelite/Judahite religion until the reforms of King Josiah in the late 7th century BCE. (Deuteronomy 32:8-9, Masoretic Text). SearchWorks catalog The three main gods were Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the god of wisdom and magic,. His wife is the earth goddess Ki. An (in Sumerian), later known as Anu (in Akkadian), Enlil, later known as Ellil, is the god of wind, air, earth, and storms. Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. [55], Towards the end of the Second Temple period, speaking the name of Yahweh in public became regarded as taboo. Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. He creates animals and human beings, destroys all in a great flood except Noah, Noah's family, and the animals Noah saves, and elects Abram (later known as Abraham) to lead his people to the land of Canaan and settle there (Genesis 1-25). This in itself suggests a shift in cultural prominence from the ancient Sumerians to the later Babylonians. The figure has been interpreted as depicting Yahweh as a local variety of Bacchus, that is, Dionysus. Silili is an obscure goddess who was apparently the mother of all horses. Five Mesoptamian gods you haven't heard about Mesopotamian gods and goddesses are known from the literature of the Sumerian people, the oldest written language on our planet.Those stories were written down by city administrators whose jobs involved the upkeep of the religion, along with the upkeep of commerce and trade. 69, [Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Cambridge University Press], 1979, pp. Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the, Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian, Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian. I was wondering if anyone knew if this was true and could explain to me like I'm five one way or the other? Auch heute gibt es fr jeden Topf ein Deckelchen. Thanks in advanced for any information on the origins of this specific sky wizards name :), New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. dictabam interveniendas laboramus legavisset neturae in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 0 i 9 n 40 t 100 e 5 r 80 v 700 e 5 n 40 i 9 e 5 n 40 d 4 a 1 s 90 0 l 20 a 1 b 2 o 50 r 80 a 1 m 30 u 200 s 90 0 l 20 e 5 g 7 a 1 v 700 i 9 s 90 s 90 e 5 t 100 0 n 40 e 5 t 100 u 200 r in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 . Anatu The name is derived from 'Anat,' the Semitic goddess of fertility and war and hunting. Yahweh - Wikipedia Idlurugu was a god who represent the concept of, Ilaba was briefly a major deity during the. Aruru was initially a distinct minor goddess, regarded as violent and connected to vegetation; Sherida (Sumerian) or Aya (Akkadian) was the wife of the sun god Utu/Shamash and the goddess of dawn. the earth trembled, the sky also dropped. [72] Finally, in the national crisis of the exile, the followers of Yahweh went a step further and outright denied that the other deities aside from Yahweh even existed, thus marking the transition from monolatrism to true monotheism. Shara was a local deity associated with the city of Umma, where his main temple was the E-mah. As it has been established they were a nomadic people, attempts have been made to link them with the Hebrews and with the Habiru, a group of renegades in the Levant, but these claims have been refuted. (Deuteronomy 33:26-28), There is almost no agreement on his origins. [57][58] From these ideas, Second Temple Judaism would later emerge, whence Christianity, Rabbinic Judaism, and Islam. Barbiere di Siviglia. The Sumerian term Martu, also used as the gods' name, had a more vague meaning - "westerner." The god was envisioned as a tutelary deity of the Amorites by the Mesopotamians, and in texts he was a courtier or even son of the sky god An and his wife Urash. Lahmu ("hairy one") was a type of apotropaic creature. But Enki warns Atram-hasis and instructs him to build a boat that will help him survive the terrible flood. Yahweh | YHWH, Adonai, Elohim, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica Anunit - Mesopotamian mother or creator goddess derived from the earlier Sumerian Ki. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Moses learns his true identity as an Israelite and, after killing an Egyptian, flees to the land of Midian where, in time he encounters Yahweh in the form of a burning bush (Exodus 3, 4:1-17). Belet Nagar was the tutelary goddess of the Syrian city of Nagar. The character and power of Yahweh were codified following the Babylonian Captivity of the 6th century BCE and the Hebrew scriptures were canonized during the Second Temple Period (c. 515 BCE-70 CE) to include the concept of a messiah whom Yahweh would send to the Jewish people to lead and redeem them. As Judaism became a universal rather than merely a local religion, the more common Hebrew noun Elohim (plural in form but understood in the singular), meaning God, tended to replace Yahweh to demonstrate the universal sovereignty of Israels God over all others. Urkitum was in origin an epithet of Ishtar meaning "the Urukean," who eventually developed into a separate goddess. As the name of the supreme being was considered too holy to be spoken, the consonants YHWH were used to remind one to say the word 'adonai' (lord) in place of the god's name, a common practice throughout the Near East in which epithets were used in referencing a deity. The Canaanites, like all ancient civilizations, worshipped many gods but chief among them was the sky-god El. Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and, Ama-arhus (Nin-amaaruu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess, Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list, Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife, Antu is a goddess who was invented during the. Nunusdug was a minor goddess from the city of Kisiga, attested only in the Early Dynastic period. The kingdoms of Israel and Judah periodically warred or allied with each other until 722 BCE when the Assyrians destroyed Israel and, in keeping with their usual military policies, deported the inhabitants and replaced them with others from their empire. 4 3 299 Trey the Explainer @Trey_Explainer May 11, 2020 Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. His association with the forge, and with imagery of fire, smoke, and smiting, worked as well in describing a god of storms and war and so Yahweh's character changed from a deity of transformation to one of conquest. Nergal was associated with the Underworld. The centre of Yahweh's worship lay in three great annual festivals coinciding with major events in rural life: Passover with the birthing of lambs, Shavuot with the cereal harvest, and Sukkot with the fruit harvest. Contents 1Major deities 2Lesser deities 3Primordial beings 4Demigods and heroes 5Spirits and demons 6Legendary beasts Major deities Adador Ishkur - god of storms, venerated as a supreme power especially in Syriaand Lebanon Anshur- head of the Assyrianpantheon, regarded as the equivalent of Enlil Later on, An's leadership role was either shared or taken over by other gods. "[14] The sacrality of the name, as well as the Commandment against "taking the name 'in vain'", led to increasingly strict prohibitions on speaking or pronouncing the term in writing. (111). Rick's spiritual apathy is often represented in the depictions of these powerful beings and the devotion they inspire. [54] In 539BCE Babylon in turn fell to the Persian conqueror Cyrus the Great, the exiles were given permission to return (although only a minority did so), and by about 500BCE the Temple was rebuilt. [60] His worship presumably involved sacrifice, but many scholars have concluded that the rituals detailed in Leviticus 116, with their stress on purity and atonement, were introduced only after the Babylonian exile, and that in reality any head of a family was able to offer sacrifice as occasion demanded. In 1907, James Henry Breasted arrived and photographed the site but, again, engaged in no excavation. Unless labeled otherwise, books may be retained for four weeks. Philip King and Lawrence Stager place the history of Yahweh into the following periods: Other academic terms often used include First Temple period, from the construction of the Temple in 957BCE to its destruction in 586BCE, exilic for the period of the Exile from 586539BCE (identical with Neo-Babylonian above), post-Exilic for later periods and Second Temple period from the reconstruction of the Temple in 515BCE until its destruction in 70CE. [44] The festivals thus celebrated Yahweh's salvation of Israel and Israel's status as his holy people, although the earlier agricultural meaning was not entirely lost. [12] The archangels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Ouriel and Jewish cultural heroes such as Abraham, Jacob, and Moses are also invoked frequently. As the use of the name spread throughout medieval Europe, the initial letter J was pronounced according to the local vernacular language rather than Latin. SearchWorks catalog The monotheism of the Hebrew Scriptures would later be appropriated by the adherents of Christianity who would continue veneration of Yahweh, eventually known as Jehovah and then, simply, as God, and Islam would also develop the deity under the name of Allah (the God) beginning in the 7th century CE. even Sinai at the presence of Yahweh, the God of Israel. 40:3), and in another part of this book, Yahweh is even explicitly mentioned as being a smelter (Ezek. Yahweh is the name of the state god of the ancient Kingdom of Israel and, later, the Kingdom of Judah. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Thirdly, there is not a god named "Way" it's Ea, and it's debatable that they would be pronounced the same, there is no evidence that they're spelled the same. [62] Sacrifice was presumably complemented by the singing or recital of psalms, but again the details are scant. Nabu was the Mesopotamian god of scribes and writing. Its ruins lie near the current city of Antakya, Turkey, to which the ancient city lends its name. Birtum was the husband of the prison goddess Nungal. It's based on the fusion of a Sumerian god named Yah and a Mesopotamian god named Weh." Nothing about that sentence is even remotely right. Names of the Mesopotamian Gods - Godchecker Related Content The Book of Genesis concludes with Joseph dying after telling his brothers that Yahweh will bring them out of Egypt and back to the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. During the Second Temple Period (c.515 BCE-70 CE) Judaism was revised, the Torah canonized, and a new understanding of the divine established which today is known as monotheism the belief in a single deity. Musician goddesses always mentioned as a pair who were handmaidens of Shaushka. Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. The Assyrian Empire fell to an invading force of Babylonians, Medes, and others in 612 BCE and the Babylonians claimed the region of Canaan. and you shall tread on their backs". While in texts from cities such as Nippur Ura was an earth goddess, in Dilbat it was the name of an unrelated male god, husband of Ninegal, who served as the city's tutelary deity. Bizilla was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya. "God said to Moses, 'I am who I am.' And he said, 'Say this to the people of Israel: "I am has sent me to you."' Anu was represented by the number 60, Enlil by 50, Ea by 40, Sin, the moon god, by 30, Shamash by 20, Ishtar by 15, and Adad, the god of storms, by 6. Akkad - The northern part of Mesopotamia. Stormbringer Singlebrse #117. Ereshkigal was the queen of the Mesopotamian Underworld. What "Yahweh" Means in the Bible - God's Name Explained Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Although the Bible, and specifically the Book of Exodus, presents Yahweh as the god of the Israelites, there are many passages which make clear that this deity was also worshipped by other peoples in Canaan. [9] [10] As such, cult statues were given constant care and attention [11] [9] and a set of priests were assigned to tend to them. For Yahweh's portion is his people, Jacob his allotted heritage. Jewish God Yahweh Originated in Canaanite Vulcan, Says New Theory by Ariel David, On the Origins of Yahweh: A Response to Martin Leuenberger, Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? Thank you for your help! Amzallag notes that the Edomites, Kenites, Moabites, and Midianites all worshipped Yahweh to one degree or another and that there is evidence the Edomites who operated the mines at Timnah converted an earlier Egyptian temple of Hathor to the worship of Yahweh. (397). Martu, in Akkadian known as Amurru, was the divine personification of the nomads who began to appear on the edges of the Mesopotamian world in the middle of the third millennium BC, initially from the west, but later from the east as well. Mesopotamian Gods Family Tree UsefulCharts 1.38M subscribers Subscribe 24K Share 1M views 1 year ago Watch Mythology with Mike's video about Ishtar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anpre.. In Babylonia and Assyria, he was called Adad, in Ugrait, he was Hadad, and in Sumer, he was known as Iskur. [51], In 587/6BCE Jerusalem fell to the Neo-Babylonians, the Temple was destroyed, and the leadership of the community were deported. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Yahweh is the name of the state god of the ancient Kingdom of Israel and, later, the Kingdom of Judah. Viel Spa beim Verlieben mit: MARC BROUSSARDMARKO HIETALA / OAK / SEEING THINGS / AORTES / OLD FOREST / KRBHOLZ / A BLACK RAINBOW / THE BOSSHOSS / MEZZROW / APHYXION / IMMINENCE / STARBENDERS / THE . It is a historic region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. For example: Howard the Duck: Inverted; Pazuzu is the patron god of the Doucheblade.Played straight with the other Mesopotamian gods, whose followers were . Lane, Eugene N. Sabazius and the Jews in Valerius Maximus: A Re-Examination. The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. Epistemology in the Biblical Tradition - Judean Knowledge-Building Ereshkigal, Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak; Bamu ("venomous snake") was a mythical horned snake who played an apotropaic role in Mesopotamian religion. 6:1-6).