Prescriptive analytics offers decision support for the best course of action to get desired results. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. Proportional representation, sometimes called simply "PR," is defined as an "electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them." This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. It is an Efficient Form of Government. Some of the most important are listed below. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. (1999). This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. A political-philosophical exchange. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. (1999). Sloman (1985) has also argued the pros and cons of analogical representations, and has concluded that a variety of representation formalismsincluding those specialized for spatial reasoningare important to AI problem solving. 518). The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. Proportional Representations Pros and Cons | APECSEC.org By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages Difference Between Descriptive and Substantive Representation When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. You do not currently have access to this chapter. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. These are issues that have left minorities feeling as though they are belittled and not treated as fairly as the majority in our society. terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tables can be useful if trying to. PDF The Symbolic Bene ts of Descriptive and Substantive Representation Roemer, J. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. (1993) have developed a system consisting of a propositional and depictorial partonomy (organization of parts) for reasoning, where the depictorial partonomy reflects the hierarchy proposed in representations for visual processes. PR may encourage turn-out and reduce apathy. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Limits of Descriptive Representation - Didier Ruedin What are the pros and cons of descriptive research? Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. The simplest example of this point, which is critical for an understanding of how languages function as representational systems, is the famous traffic lights example. Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. 14 Crucial Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy Grofman, B. Estlund, D. (2008). In the first place, learning of our neighbors gives us the inclination that we must keep an eye out for them. (2005b). New York: Oxford University Press. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. However, what good representation should be is debated. Morone, J. Saskatchewan Schools; Research Methods in Psychology; Dr. Mark Burgess and Dr. Stephen Kemp. In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. Race itself was never something I viewed another, in the way women are portrayed in modern culture and society. States of democracy: A gender perspective. Nothing bores me faster than description.. Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida. Gender as seriality: Thinking about women as a social collective. Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. 1. (2012). Your email address will not be published. Pitkin, H. F. (1972). Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Democratic political theory. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero October 2004. Kymlicka, W. (1993). The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. In K. Ross (Ed. CrossRef Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? Main Research Question. Teigen, M. (2000). Barry, B. Post- 2000 redistricting created more majority-Latino districts, although the absolute number of Latino legislators did not increase correspondingly. Representing Diversity. Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. (1982). You might also like. Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. By making the decision-making process more . It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. 2. Proportional Representation Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Youve probably heard readers make that comment. Descriptive representation occurs when elected politicians are typical of the larger class of persons that they represent, such that blacks represent blacks, disabled people represent disabled people and so on. New York: Palgrave. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: How to Analyze Your Data The second pro argument says that descriptive representation contributes exactly on this point, as far as social and cultural research show not only that people with significant descriptive characteristics may have overlapping experiences and interests shaping political preferences, but also that they communicate better among themselvesthe communication It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. The debate about whether grades help or hinder student learning is as old as the U.S. grading system itself, dating back to the late 1800s.