facultative pond advantages and disadvantages 0000006544 00000 n W&+I4@aI\'@ ifk ume tvlingskalender / facultative pond advantages and disadvantages. % What are lagoon systems?, Advantages and Disadvantages of Lagoon Systems, Two, Three or Four Lagoons are Better than One, Facultative Lagoons Treat Wastewater Naturally, Lagoons Use Simple Design, Lagoons Need Proper Operation, Maintenance, . _____ This document provides information and instructions on waste stabilisation ponds. 1992) and anaerobic ponds do not or only rarely contain algae. endstream aspects and provides practical information on design, financing and planning of faecal sludge treatment plants. 1. Ft#sqD|)qr vDu Large surface areas required and needs to be protected to prevent contact with human or animals. It explains requirements to promote the safe use of wastewater in agriculture, including minimum procedures and specific health-based targets, and how those requirements are intended to be used. Advantages and disadvantages of aerated, partial mix lagoons are listed below: Advantages Require less land than facultative lagoons. The top layer of the pond receives oxygen from natural diffusion, wind mixing and algae-driven photosynthesis. (ii) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Waste Stabilization Pond? 8 0 obj <> Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Facultative Lagoons Before the exit of the stabilization pond, a scum baffle should be installed, but before the advanced treatment pond, no baffle should be installed to avoid trapping algae . Waste Stabilization Ponds and Constructed Wetlands Design Manual. facultative pond advantages and disadvantages. 11 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]>> The technical content was reviewed by Prof. Duncan Mara (University of Leeds, England). Facultative Pond(FP) BOD Removal in Secondary Facultative Ponds: As a result of the photosynthetic activities of the pond algae, there is a diurnal variation in the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Clintons lagoon system was constructed in 1987. endobj 12 0 obj 18 0 obj 6) _____ Ponds have no dissolved oxygen throughout. If used in combination with algae and/or fish harvesting (see Fish Pond), this type of pond is effective at removing the majority of nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent. Th~yp.5"j%=D2Bj#=pIq )t$dILVHkTn}$2YXZgla)hI,?>h6s[,7oJD8nx?W?m/ Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Ponds | WaterWorld b) Facultative Pond, and <> Pilot studies could demonstrate their performance in the local context; however none of the full-scale applications works. Hence, this paper can be useful as a technical manual. Reliable if ponds are maintained well, and if temperatures are not too low. They are simple to operate and maintain and generally require only part-time stuff. 8.1.1.4 The advantages and disadvantages of the stabilization pond treatment process. endobj (1998): Its particular focus is on how DFID assistance can best meet the needs of the urban and rural poor for water supply and sanitation services. 20 0 obj There are three types of ponds, (1) anaerobic, (2) facultative and (3) aerobic (maturation), each with different treatment and design characteristics. facultative pond advantages and disadvantages. ^ZJw\xw@y9/#}m]Y"}. series of vertical and horizontal-flow planted soil filters). 0000002729 00000 n 2. However, bad odour cannot be avoided reliably with high loading rates. Hamzeh Ramadan, Waste Stabilization Ponds - San Diego State University endobj 7 0 obj }{]7%DAZDnO?3CK=Z.l8P*`wR7Oe! The inflow of the anaerobic pond should be close to the sludge layer at the bottom . According to the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), stabilisation ponds are the most cost-effective (semi-)centralised wastewater treatment technology for the removal of pathogenic microorganisms. PDF Lesson 1 Math c) Aerobic Pond, Water stabilization ponds are the large man-made basins in which greywater, blackwater or faecal sludge can be treated to an effluent of relatively high quality and apt for the reuse in agriculture (e.g. endobj In particular, the appendix and annex provide a working example and a simple methodology to help the designer in preparing adequately detailed designs. After proper design, the natural aeration and oxygenation of wind energy can be realized in the stabilization pond, so as to save electric energy and reduce processing energy consumption . The sewage treatment stabilization pond system can be used to make use of abandoned rivers, swamps, canyons, abandoned reservoirs and other areas. 22 0 obj Basins with surface areas many times larger than conventional biological reactors, that utilize relatively low . Solids and BOD removal occurs by sedimentation and through subsequent anaerobic digestion inside the accumulated sludge (see also anaerobic digestion general). substantially reduces the land area required for facultative ponds. endstream ti raleigh 40th anniversary replica. The width and slope of the top of the embankment . HW~B$4vfzWe NwN:3yNRGJC?@B! N;Pplo+goGW;3cOl#D4VBk`AdU[bL}gg-8~hBI{$()P^-3y(GdS?>c'c%: Aquatic plants that are present in the pond should also be removed as they may provide a breeding habitat for mosquitoes and prevent light from penetrating the water column. endobj PDF Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ EMERY, R. A berm can protect from erosion or the invasion by vegetation and a fence can protect the lagoons from people and animals and prevent that garbage is thrown in. 11 0 obj Facultative ponds mean large, but shallow basins meant for the treatment of the sewage through the application of both anaerobic and aerobic processes (Bougrier et al. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), SHILTON, A. %PDF-1.4 xref Facultative ponds treat BOD, typically within a range of 100-400 kg BOD/ha/day, by removing BOD by 95 %. stream ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Some advantages and disadvantages of facultative lagoons are listed below: Advantages Moderately effective in removing settleable solids, BOD, pathogens, fecal coliform, and ammonia. 3. Wastewater treatment - Food and Agriculture Organization Require little energy, with systems designed to operate with gravity flow. endobj London: (2) The inlet and outlet of the stabilization pond. Autor de la entrada: Publicacin de la entrada: junio 16, 2022 Categora de la entrada: st luke's hospital nyc visiting hours Comentarios de la entrada: the doubt of future foes sparknotes the doubt of future foes sparknotes trailer facultative pond advantages and disadvantages - Webdirekt.hu They are simple to operate and maintain and generally require only part-time stuff. The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view this website. The recovered biogas can be used for heating, cooking or, if sufficient amounts can be collected for energy production (biogas combustionand biogas electricity small-scale). 19 0 obj Design Manual for Waste Stabilization Ponds in Mediterranean Countries. 0000001158 00000 n However, expert design is still required (see also developing human resources). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright The Water Treatments2008 - 2013. Table 1 provides a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of ponds with those of high-rate and low-rate biological wastewater treatment processes (note that Aereated Lagoon and WSP system are considered low-rate biological wastewater treatment processes). 4 0 obj <> 21 0 obj `# ~a8ivHjy2_diw"sfGDl2lG] Various case studies on the reuse of pond and lagoon treated water in urban agriculture. Waste stabilization ponds are large man-made basins in which greywater, blackwater or faecal sludge can be treated to an effluent of relatively high quality and apt for the reuse in agriculture (e.g. Required fields are marked *. <> I]pc,>}u#A#jOV)viAHdO}t Part A provides a comprehensive summary concerning the various aspects of constructing, operating and maintaining pond systems. Pre-treatment (see Pre Treatment Technologies) is essential to prevent scum formation and to hinder excess solids and garbage from entering the ponds. Scum that builds up on the pond surface should be regularly removed. to, Advantages and disadvantages of stabilization pond treatment process, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-base Balance, Longmen Town, Lintao County, Gansu Province, launched a large-scale investigation and major renovation of the starch processing industry, The Market Supervision Office of Longmen Town, Lintao County, Gansu Province, carried out a special inspection of food safety before the "Double Festival", Benxi biological hepatitis B and AIDS test box have been registered. This makes them particularly suitable for developing countries where many conventional wastewater treatment plants have failed because water and sewer utilities did not generate sufficient revenue to pay the electricity bill for the plant (IRC 2004) (see also -financing projects). 1 0 obj Although effluent from aerobic ponds is generally low in pathogens, the ponds should in no way be used for recreation or as a direct source of water for consumption or domestic use. endobj Stabilization ponds are a very promising sustainable centralized wastewater treatment option for West Africa due to the favourable climate. October 13, 2010 no comments. FS Management Review of Practices, Problems and Initiatives, Clinton Water District. Advantages and disadvantages of stabilization pond treatment - ECHEMI Source: WSP (2007). endobj For facultative ponds sludge removal is even rarer and maturation ponds hardly ever need desludging. typically up to 500 mm). Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment is the second volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment, and focusses on the unit operations and processes associated with biological wastewater treatment. . FPs loose ammonia into the air at high pH; and settle some nitrogen and phosphorus in the sludge. 0000003245 00000 n Because facultative ponds employ algae as decomposers, the treatment time can range between 2 and 3 weeks, which is attributed to the photosynthetic processes that occur within the unit. PDF Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet - US EPA Solved 3. (a) (0) How would you describe a facultative pond - Chegg endstream endobj 48 0 obj <>stream `# ~a8ivHjy2_diw"sfGDl2lG] Benaa Desert Group > News > Uncategorized > facultative pond advantages and disadvantages By January 31, 2022 libanesisk linssallad ekrem gngr och amir amdouni FPs can result in the removal of 80 to 95% of the BOD5 (SPERLING 2007), which means an overall removal of 95% over the two ponds (AP and FP). advantages and disadvantages of communication accommodation theory If reuse is not possible, WSPs may not be adequate for areas sensitive to eutrophication (UNEP 2004). www.waterworld.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. In addition, it is one of the few low-cost natural processes, which provides good treatment of pathogens. Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are large, man-made water bodies. Facultative waste stabilization ponds, sometimes referred to as lagoons or ponds, are frequently used to treat municipal and industrial wastewater in the . syO@\-{|D++]DFQ5;qk61I\+9L,gSxcHM]R)7Bi0K(KH\>O-ygm 7}WND>Z[VJZYQpFeBzVV\ This manual has been prepared as a tool to help improve DFID's (Department for International Developments, United Kingdom) support for water supply and sanitation projects and programmes in developing countries. (= Integrated Environmental Technology Series -Mx-BGT""D4h0D BOToBr M v:]O%W!dR5!Cd6h"0 ;(S#fn@8l.A="ps<2xCDT9]h2 f!@eu8\&eq!C@2G,r9#e5P'+@6pdqC4:5aGO\OOY|:A` =~uA.OONaS='t> *>o{ ":QwONp'KO~OmOo X\"di0'x? The impression of spring plowing behind the hard-to-sell fertilizer. The major variants of pond systems are fully covered, namely: facultative ponds, anaerobic ponds, aerated lagoons, maturation ponds. WSPs are among the most common and efficient methods of wastewater treatment around the world. facultative pond advantages and disadvantages - Zolucky.sale (PDF) Waste Stabilization Ponds: A Viable Alternative for Small Unless they are property maintained, lagoons can provide a breeding area for mosquitoes and other insects. %%EOF 2. Lagoon systems require more land than other treatment methods. Stabilisation ponds also have the advantage of very low operating costs since they use no energy compared to other wastewater treatment technologies and only low-tech infrastructure (see also operation and maintenanceand ensuring sustainability). They are semi-centralised treatment systems combined after wastewater has been collected from toilets (see also wastewater collectionand user interface). facultative pond advantages and disadvantagesjewelry district nycjewelry district nyc Community-Based Technologies for Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Reuse- options for urban agriculture, Index of dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMENT. 5 0 obj endobj Advantages Resistant to organic and hydraulic shock loads High reducution of solids, BOD and pathogens High nutrient removal if combined with aquaculture Low operating cost No electrical energy required No real problems with flies or odours if designed and maintained correctly Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <> 0000188072 00000 n 0000003487 00000 n the history about oxidation ponds - UKEssays.com Anaerobic ponds are built to a depth of 2 to 5 m and have a relatively short detention time of 1 to 7 days. The ponds can be used individually, or linked in a series for improved treatment. To remove the algae from aerobic pond, effluents rock filtration, grass plots, floating macrophytes and herbivorous fish can be used, but most commonly, the effluent flows directly in a final maturation pond. endobj <> =WC[ho5:G/H\IZ )MZ Oxygen is unable to be maintained at the lower layers if the pond is too deep, and the colour too dark to allow light to penetrate fully or if the BOD and COD in the lower layer is higher than the supply. % The purpose of this guide is to assist local contracting authorities and their partners in identifying those sanitation technologies best suited to the different contexts that exist within their town. These systems are composed of a series of ponds: (1) anaerobic ponds, (2) facultative ponds, and (3) maturation ponds. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> In a series of WSPs, the effluent from the anaerobic pond is transferred to the facultative pond, where further BOD is removed. Advantages. endobj The stabilization pond is located in the natural environment, and the climate has a great effect on it . Lagoon Technology International, RPI As a complete process, the anaerobic pond serves to: BOD removal in anaerobic ponds is governed by the same mechanisms that occur in all other anaerobic reactors (MARA et al. 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these three Waste Stablization Ponds listed below: Table 15 provides a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of ponds with those of high-rate biological wastewater treatment processes. The Clinton Water District provides a secondary level of wastewater treatment by using a facultative lagoon system. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRICKLING FILTER, Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Softening, Advantages and disadvantage of aeration system, Operation and Maintenance for Water Supply Systems, Types & Functions of Waste Stabilization Ponds. endobj For strong wastes (common in developing countries, as water consumption is low), the facultative pond is usually the biggest of all. 5 Stabilizing the pond body and its inlet and outlet, (1) Design points of the stabilization pond. Im~:{;L(5?T2Vs/IZ1sdm4i0LZ$&&Pl-F@:)}0$/R}~jZNg&[ag8Wz ~o X oKz~[_Zn[U/_Z x2}[[oJ.O_[/k^m~|5J~[\%{Z NCh{!@8]{p.9x^AA* yU2)GbD_.GZ d[GO[tZWv/uK^iMn ^4tM4_i_ B[T[oa0k*ov{k}GIW ePRw4aW/L&i rkUd $_L}~NTA~u]oN2 The advantages of mass communication are as follows. In the case of high salt content, the use of the water for irrigation is not recommended. The Compendium gives a systematic overview on different sanitation systems and technologies and describes a wide range of available low-cost sanitation technologies. description of the concern or complaint, to, The source of this page with content of products and services is from Internet, 0000007026 00000 n are kevin campbell and sol campbell related taxera om fastighet till jordbruksfastighet "!qAl0s +)\* `sDx>ZHJ,LE.wJgPbLj6dPfn? {z,B2Y\jkU5^IwYf0i4jfm]pRwI 5|Y0##ju?iV/HUsLgNWnf.0ykr&^:]?+dg"#{!K8?~yO?=~RJ{/6jo1eH98J^0z25&\N;2^,<7G(lH=Nh`/w=epGE +Y&\pgc6+V:P#ZGU_ ZvQ z s_:n*yU!2]WYy\=M56mzWKYx"gR[5] %-&: YfsQqrll1 SbRQrUpIo^NcRj? (9k|6m}ue|dU?1gXD.Rw Tv}~MF+_HW#?xWe8&. It is the shallowest of the ponds, ensuring that sunlight penetrates the full depth for photosynthesis to occur. Communication Accommodation Theory Critical Essay. They use less energy than most waste water treatment methods. x[:4iMH8y'8`"mPIB?/=}~#2,X0@1M?#_73?|qwfTf?i$"1l}8 p\@TeK,O#yFd(rg?dbi'p?,>,Pz|= ? They are not very effective at removing heavy metals from waste water. duckweed) or fish (e.g. This training manual emphasizes basics of biogas technology as well as design principles and technical considerations. To prevent leaching into the groundwater, the ponds should have a liner. The book has been divided in two parts. The first part of the guide contains a planning process and a set of criteria to be completed; these assist you in characterizing each area of intervention so that you are then in a position to identify the most appropriate technical solutions. A study on management and institutional aspects regarding the challenges and possible improvements in managing faecal sludge. Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment | SpringerLink For multi-level stabilization ponds, separate gates should be set up at each entrance and exit of the stabilization ponds at all levels . Compared to conventional treatment processes, ponds and lagoons offer many advantages for smaller installations. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these three Waste Stablization Ponds listed below: a) Anaerobic Pond, b) Facultative Pond, and c) Aerobic Pond This problem has been solved! <> Design manual for designers, builders and operators on the design and operation of artificially constructed wetlands and waste stabilization ponds. The major topics covered are: microbiology and ecology of wastewater treatment, reaction kinetics and reactor hydraulics, conversion of organic and inorganic matter, sedimentation, aeration. Facultative lagoons are similar in design to stabilization ponds except design depth is five to eight feet. %PDF-1.4 The design principle of the water inlet is: for a general rectangular pond, the water inlet should be set at 1/3 of the length of the pond . Learn more about troubleshooting WordPress. High efficiency while very simple operation and maintenance. If the design or operation management is not in place, it will cause secondary pollution . Construction can take place by semi- or unskilled labourers. Sludge can be removed by using a raft-mounted sludge pump, a mechanical scraper at the bottom of the pond or by draining and dewatering the pond and removing the sludge with a front-end loader. (a) (0) How would you describe a facultative pond? <> (2) Disadvantages It covers a large area . <>/Font<>>>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Rotate 0>> xMk@s;_ XVi&mRob #zg "Q*> You will be redirected once the validation is complete. endobj facultative pond advantages and disadvantagesmyer hr contactmyer hr contact . Leeds: <> <>stream The stable pond can not only effectively treat high-concentration organic water, but also low-concentration sewage . Photosynthetic algae release oxygen into the water and at the same time consume carbon dioxide produced by the respiration of bacteria. <>stream Stabilization Ponds . Short factsheet on the design, operation, maintenance and costs of facultative ponds in the United States. This report compiles international experience in greywater management on household and neighbourhood level in low and middle-income countries. 0000001862 00000 n This Sanitation Sourcebook distils some of the core concepts of sanitation in a user-friendly format so that the book can serve as a practical reference to sanitation professionals and investment decision-makers, particularly the local governments. 'b* [V;.Kih+'^\j_.OUzwt^ tah;,zGb'hLOY k_!uJUu^zX{h @cxxZIup y,"hA}[ N-^WJCQoU8lgL^laYXk lq5!JWDlpDS|WqxHlwaB#5nJy>y8b5:ypcluxqu6/*W!9?G! Waste or Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are large, man-made water bodies in which blackwater, greywater or faecal sludge are treated by natural occurring processes and the influence of solar light, wind, microorganisms and algae . The direction from import to export should avoid the prevailing local wind direction throughout the year to prevent odor pollution . Technologies for these sanitation options are presented. BOD removal in both types of facultative pond is in the range 60-80%. The lower layer is deprived of oxygen and becomes anoxic or anaerobic. nt>}/wD4bFMGMx8|v91AG~8OM8|VQO\.G$J`[K{F\t2S_k5{h^$y0Y\uxTBI5mqf^?v{w78rkqrS|UQxiV8;u;4t{3j{IOrV;!Q] jZ[9NG9y/YM;Kcp=HzdPFayeNQ/HCE9OvFByv{tY+b[>(I/ endobj <> <> % /_XOz[j Wz{{v~6duh@^uoWI8$z\5 xoj kP<6)xvZnQ<2~Uw:I@x1/z'R2RKI>?zz!9 rc[t`Yh)9J.r$H-ErcC>VTr+p BC4Dh= The stabilization pond is located in the natural environment, and the climate has a great effect on it . endstream There are three types of ponds, (1) anaerobic, (2) facultative and (3) aerobic (maturation), each with different treatment and design characteristics. 17 Only slightly polluted wastewater may be discharged directly into primary facultative ponds. Answer: Introduction Communication is a process that helps to transfer information and knowledge as well as it helps to build up understanding between two or more peoples. <> CHrc!xGEc3"Xes.pS`yqGR9)G2 o2Ctdd5[I,L 3p,cL0uWEL%#N*dv Waste Stabilization Ponds: A Design Manual for Eastern Africa.. m}~pPeh'/H+:Z~PO{izUG[4@'a5uIUWI{r AwOU[XkotJ^JDB]$% pP2A=-__T[5O :-fS0'[t!(!AD#AySAuJv;$YL1d|iqvl p.E~0W If the design or operation management is not in place, it will cause secondary pollution . If you have any queries, please write Ideally, several aerobic ponds can be built in series to provide a high level of pathogen removal. Advantages and Disadvantages of WSP The advantages of WSP include: You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 2. 2008). Advantages Resistant to organic and hydraulic shock loads High reducution of solids, BOD and pathogens High nutrient removal if combined with aquaculture Low operating cost %PDF-1.7 endobj There has been a critical error on this website. 9w.OW x2 eM';j OB"#A}zC 3tkIt@v~o? (2006): (1992): Waste Stabilization Pond Systems are summarized and Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems (AIWPS) are investigated. Wastewater for treatment in aerobic ponds should have a BOD5 content below 300 mg/l (SASSE 1998). As a result of the photosynthetic activities of the pond algae, there is a diurnal variation in the concentration of dissolved oxygen. 2 0 obj Waste Stabilization Pond - Akvopedia c. Anti-seepage measures must be taken . 0000006296 00000 n endobj Fact sheet that discusses facultative stabilization ponds or lagoons used in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, as well as common modifications to the lagoons. which doesn't represent ECHEMI's opinion. macrophyte or. 9w.OW x2 eM';j OB"#A}zC 3tkIt@v~o? endobj Facultative ponds typically range from 3 to 8 feet in depth. It has the characteristics of realizing the water cycle, which not only saves water resources, but also obtains economic benefits . Figure 1: Stabilisation pond configurations: AN = anaerobic pond; F = facultative pond; M = maturation pond 2. www.waterworld.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. WSP are also recommended for the treatment in order to reuse the effluent in agriculture and aquaculture, because of its effectiveness in removing nematodes (worms) and helminth eggs (WHO 2006, Volume II), while preserving some nutrients. facultative pond advantages and disadvantages 51 0 obj <> endobj Ponds have many advantages and disadvantages compared to treatment in plants. This module pays special attention to the haulage, treatment and reuse or disposal of faecal sludge. 18 0 obj MILLS, S.W. 1992; SASSE, 1998; TILLEY et al. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management. 5 Stabilizing the pond body and its inlet and outlet (1) Design points of the stabilization pond Volume II of the Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater provides information on the assessment and management of risks associated with microbial hazards and toxic chemicals. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. macrophyteor fish ponds). Anaerobic bacteria convert organic carbon into methane and through this process, remove up to 60% of the BOD. Volume II. %2zFPztVOZT?pI!>?>}{ZOE/ A Century-old Innovation of Farmers. % 2005). However, when mean temperatures fall below 12 C during several month of the years, WSPs seem not to be appropriate (ARTUHR 1983). 1. The construction structure is simple, and most of them are earth-rock structures. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. 2nd Revised Edition, Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions Volume 1, Training Material on Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment, Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of Different Treatment Systems for Households or Neighbourhoods, Guidance Manual on Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes, Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems, Waste Stabilization Ponds and Constructed Wetlands Design Manual, Design Manual for Waste Stabilization Ponds in Mediterranean Countries. 5m . 0000003791 00000 n 10 0 obj endobj Corinna, Main - Corinna Sewer District. The pond body directly below the surface aerator of the aeration pond must be reinforced with concrete .
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